2008.04.25

*People often interact with media technologies as though the technologies were people.

relation
1.ethic : treat technologies as people or people as technologie
2.aesthetics & teleology : technologies and natural phenomena have goals and intentions
or, do they just look like they have goals and intentions
3.design : we will design like an artificial intelligence researcher

*HCI -history
1.people:
–Vannevar Bush: memex
–J.C.R. Licklider: computer networking, agents
–Ivan Sutherland: sketchpad
–Doug Engelbart: mouse, GUI, word processing, etc.
–Ted Nelson: hypertext
–Alan Kay: object-oriented programming, laptops ....
2.systems:
–Memex: 1945 (concept)
–Sketchpad 1963
–NLS (oNLine System) - 1963-68
–Xerox Alto 1972, Xerox Star 1981
–Apple Lisa 1983, Mac 1984, NeXT 1988
–Macintosh Powerbook 1991
–WWW ~1994
3. Funding:
–Military: Navy, Air Force, ARPA, DARPA
–Universities: MIT, Stanford, CMU, UC
–Government: National Science Foundation 1950-now
–Companies: Xerox PARC: 1970-now, Apple – NeXT

*HCI↔AI
Basic Question: should the computer act like a person?
two models of conversation
–information/intention transmission
–co-construction of meaning

*Ethnomethodology
Ethnomethodology differs from other sociological perspectives in one very important respect
definition : Ethnomethodology simply means the study of the ways in which people make sense of their social world.

2008.4.11

This week, Artificial intelligence

*Alan Turing(1912-1954)

Founder of computer science, artificial intelligence etc.
1936: The Turing machine, computability, universal machine
1938-39: Introduced to German Enigam cipher machine
but he is gay , he suicide......
*imitation game
Game describe the new form of the problem

played with three people, a man, a woman, and an interrogator who may be of either sex. The interrogator stays in a room apart from the other two. The object of the game for the interrogator is to determine which of the other two is the man and which is the woman

Question of this game is "Can machines think?"

online -> have gender?

*Artificial Intelligence (AI)
the science of making machines do things that would require intelligence
if human intelligence
-research areas
Knowledge Representation
Programming Languages
Natural Language (e.g., Story) Understanding
Speech Understanding
Vision
Robotics
Machine Learning
Planning
Etc

*GPS (kinds of AI)
planner (it is a computer program for theorems proof, geometric problems and chess playing )
GPS required that a full and accurate model of the “state of the world”

2008.4.4

This week key point
1. New media technologies usually reinforce existing social networks or even work to isolate people.
2. (BUT) When new media technologies facilitate new social networks, they simultaneously challenge existing social, political and economic relationships.

*social networks as science
field - > people have many connection , interdisciplinary
recently , physicists and mathematicians take part in social network and contribute social network
definition -> consequence (social actors , links)
opportunities, potential constraints on their behavior (relationship)
the patterning of links among actors-uncovering the antecedents and consequences of recurrent patterns
history-> many example(Moreno (1934) Friendship choices etc.)
equivabe-> structurally equivalent=connect to the same people
centrality-> all connection have center. most thing is made center(center is bonding capital)
bridges -> if one person connect one groups, he connect another groups (he is bridging capital )
*social networks as technology
email, newsgroups, and weblogs
*social networks as popular culture
*social networks as art
art use network drawing

social network connect various thing