2008.05.23

public & privacy
*surveillance
-close watch kept over someone or something
ex)Etymology: French, from surveiller to watch over, from sur- + veiller to watch, from Latin vigilare, from vigil watchful
-technologies
Viisage & Superbowl XXXV
-surveillance model versus capture model
built upon visual metaphors and derives from historical experiences of secret police surveillance
capture model: is built upon linguistic metaphors and takes as its prototype the deliberate reorganization of industrial work activities to allow computers to track them [the work activities] in real time
-capture
linguistic metaphors
instrumentation and reorganization of existing activities

*surveillance ~ dataveillance
-dataveillance/spying
>carnavor
>echelon
>total information awareness agency (now the “terrorism information awareness” project, name change as of may 21, 2003 to mollify congress’ worries about intrusion of the privacy of u.s. citizens, headed by convicted felon (former admiral) john poindexter)
>officially ended in september 2003, but see Electronic Frontier Foundation’s update

*privacy
-definition
1.
a. the quality or state of being apart from company or observation
b. SECLUSION: freedom from unauthorized intrusion
2. archaic : a place of seclusion

*what are the connections between the public and the private?
____________________________________
| |
private---public---state |
\ / | \ |
social | economic sphere ____|

*Lessig
-inefficiency
-architecture
-code

*digital media versus computer science
-digital media studies: some architectures (e.g., democratic ones) are best designed to be inefficient
-computer science: efficiency is almost always considered to be a virtue: efficient architectures are usually good architectures

2008.05.16

HUMAN



*media as extensions or prostheses
-“All media are extensions of some human faculty -- psychic or physical.”
-“The wheel is an extension of the foot...the book is an extension of the eye...clothing, an extension of the skin...”

*ratio of the senses
-McLuhan, in Understanding Media, claims that every new medium institutes new ratios between our senses
-the introduction of new media serve as "extensions" to ourselves and, simultaneously, they "amputate" various capacities of subjectivity.

*media as mirrors versus media as prostheses
-medium as mirrorwe see “ourselves” in the medium
-medium as prosthesiswe are radically altered by a medium

*media studies
-definition
media studies is the theory and practice of exploring how people and things are connected, reflected, extended, reconfigured, and separated by technologies and techniques
-> mirrors, machinations, prostheses
+digital media studies
A kind of media studies that pays especial attention to the techniques and technologies of computers and computer networks

*mediation: how are we connected/separated?
-hypertexts
-networks
-documentary methodidentification (or even, “more than identification”)
-prostheses/extensions
-Haraway’s proposals (human-animal, machine-organism)
-physical-non-physical (e.g., molecular-scale machines of electromagnetism and light)

*democratic, liberal politics
-one of the good assumptions about democratic politics:
we are all equal (i.e., “universal man”)
-one of the unrealistic assumptions about democratic politics:
we are all equal (i.e., “universal man”)

*biopolitics
-biopolitics: politics carried out through the means, the techniques and technologies of health and illness, statistics, the census, epidemiology and demography, the science of race, eugenics, population, abortion, genomics, and new reproductive technologies.

*chimera: “identities” of mixtures & fusions
-Mythology: A fabled fire-breathing monster of Greek mythology, with a lion's head, a goat's body, and a serpent's tail (or according to others with the heads of a lion, a goat, and a serpent), killed by Bellerophon.
-Painting, Archicture: A grotesque monster, formed of the parts of various animals.
-Literature: An unreal creature of the imagination
-Biology: [ad. G. chimäre (H. Winkler 1907, in Ber. d. Deut. Bot. Ges. XXV. 574).]
An organism (commonly a plant) in which tissues of genetically different constitution co-exist as a result of grafting, mutation, or some other process.

*cyborg
-definition
A cyborg is a cybernetic organism, a hybrid machine and organism, a creature of social reality as well as a creature of fiction.
-a cyborg world
(one perspective)
About the final imposition of a grid of control on the planet, about the final abstraction embodied in a Star Wars apocalypse waged in the name of defense, about the final appropriation of women’s bodies in a masculinist orgy of war.
(another perspective)
About lived social and bodily realities in which people are not afraid of their joint kinship with animals and machines, not afraid of permanently partial identities and contradictory standpoints.
-cyborg politics & coding
>a means of short-circuiting differences of identity and institutional boundaries.
>by recoding we redefine the understanding of our biological links to others
>one of the means to (re)connect people is through (re)coding systems because

2008.05.09

*computer games: how do they work?
1.how do they work “behind the screen”?
2.how do they work “in front of the screen”?
*game engine
1.graphics
2.physics
3.ai
and there are many engine for game
*-Mods
by general public or developer
can be entirely new games in themselves
partial conversions (total conversions)
*movie(game enguine)
eg)tum raider
*programming
eg)pong in flash
1.physics>ball bounce
2.AI> to play against a human player
3.software collections
*games research and development
eg group&events
1.the game developers’ conference
2.game studies: academic journal
3.research groups:
-academic: Center for Computer Games Research, IT University of Copenhagen
-industry: and, of course, the folks at Microsoft, Electronic Arts, etc.
4.art:the show Bang the Machine: Computer Gaming Art and Artifacts
alternative games competition, Rhizome.org at the New Museum
*-what makes a good game?
play or story or realism or something else..?
I think > all function collect in game, that is good game
* two issues to consider from film theory
1.identification:
how do people relate to the characters and action on the screen?
what does a designer or filmmaker do to facilitate the audience’s/players’ relations with characters and actions on the screen?
2.space
what is the space of cinema/games? what can the audience/player see or do there?
what can the designer or filmmaker do to increase, decrease, or change the space?
video game
as "metaphysical machines”
as “perfect mirrors”
as “drugs”
as “contests”
game gender
what’s a girl’s game?
what’s a boy’s game?
what about Asteroids? Space Invaders? Joust? Tetris?

2008.05.02

Computer-Aid

- The surveillance model
cf. Surveillance camera. It has positive side and also have negative side.
Positive side : Camera decrease the crime rate because they watching by someone.
Negative side : Camera infringe privacy!

- CSCW (Computer-Supported Cooperative Work)
It is field of research and design.
- CAD (Computer Aid Design)
Computer work automatic! It decrease work time.
You have to do just drawing. Computer is automatically assume the default value!
- CAM (Computer Aid Manufacture)
Explain not needed :)

We reall the key point this class : Technology embody social, political, cultural, economical, philosophical things.

- Every Architecture has purpose. (cf. In millitary, commander located deep side of building. And in professor room, professor didn't want interference by other and want more connectable to student. So, their room located by that reason.

- We saw game Second-Life. And we see architecture of cyberspace.
- Panopticon
Developed by Jeremy Bentham. Purpose prison. Every layer connected to cell and center tower can watch all cell.
This algorithm also adapt hospital and factory.